এই ধারাবাহিক প্রবন্ধে আমরা ইংরাজি ভাষায় কিছু সাধারণ ভুল নিয়ে আলোচনা করছি।
প্রথম পর্বে আমরা কিছু শব্দ দেখেছি, যেগুলির প্রয়োগ আমাদের খুব গুলিয়ে যায়। এই পর্বে আমরা আরো নতুন কিছু শিখবো।
[আরো পড়ুন এই লেখার প্রথম পর্ব]
COMMONLY MISUSED WORDS
In everyday written and spoken English, certain words are commonly misused. This error undoubtedly owes its origin to ignorance of one person transmitted to thousands of others who have never bothered to check its meaning. So this section deals with words which are most widely misused as per research.
1. Alibi
The word means a formal defense that a man was not at the scene of a crime when it was committed. It has been long used carelessly as a synonym for ‘weak excuse’.
Example: The lawyer proved his client’s alibi that he was in Canton, Ohio when the New York hotel manager was robbed.
2. Sadistic
The word refers to a form of sexual perversion and not ‘strong interest in gory details’.
Example: The psychiatrist was attempting to cure the patient’s sadistic nature.
3. Unique
The term means only the one of its kind. It should not be used to mean ‘unusual’ or ‘strange’.
Example: Walt Whitman occupies a unique place in Literature.
4. Vital
The word means ‘that which is necessary for existence’. Therefore, this word shouldn’t be used to convey the idea of that which is merely ‘important’ or ‘highly desirable’.
Example:The importation of rubber is highly vital to our industry.
[আরো পড়ুন – কাজ করতে করতে টিপুর কম্পিউটারের মাউস হঠাৎ বিগড়ে গেল; কি ভাবে দীনুদা টিপুকে সাহায্য করল?]
ERRORS IN USING NOUN
DETERMINING THE REAL SUBJECT
The following sentences illustrate the error that arise when the true subject of the verb is not determined.
Wrong: A trio of boys were scheduled to sing. ( wrong because the subj. of the verb is the singular noun “trio”.)
Right: A trio of boys was scheduled to sing.
Wrong: A box of eggs are on table.
Right: A box of eggs is on table.
Wrong: Joe and Chandler is to guide us.
Right: Joe and Chandler are to guide us.
PARENTHETICAL ELEMENTS – BETWEEN SUBJECT AND VERB
Writers and speakers must be especially careful of sentences in which parenthetical elements appear between the subject and the verb, often misleading to use the plural verb.
Consider the following sentence:
June, as well as Ruby, is eager to participate in this act.
In this sentence, the verb “is”(a singular form) because its subject is “June”, which is singular. The phrase “as well as Ruby” is a parenthetical element, and consequently has no bearing on the subject.
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
A collective noun, as the name implies, is a noun that represents a collection. Generally, collective nouns are regarded as being singular, and consequently they require singular verbs. For example,
The militia is quartered in its barracks.
Sometimes, however, they convey a plural idea demanding plural verbs.
The militia are discussing the battle among themselves.
COLLECTIVE IDEAS
Frequently there are situations wherein two or more persons, objects or ideas which are otherwise singular combine to make a collective thought. For example,
Otis and Maeve at the same bridge table is unthinkable.
The nouns “Otis” and “Maeve” constitute a collective thought. Hence, the singular verb “is”, rather than “are”, is used in the sentence.
Wrong: Soup and salad are too light a lunch.
Right: Soup and salad is too light a lunch.
Wrong: Hawkins and Thurston are a law firm.
Right: Hawkins and Thurston is a law firm.
END of second part
দ্বিতীয় পর্বের সমাপ্তি। পরবর্তী পর্বে আমরা আরো সাধারণ ভুল নিয়ে আলোচনা করবো। এই প্রবন্ধটি ভালো লেগে থাকলে, শেয়ার করতে ভুলবেন না!
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